REFERENCE PAPERS

Hepatitis B and Epidemiology

• Matthews G and Robotin M (eds). B positive - all you wanted to know about hepatitis B; a guide for primary care providers. Australian Society for HIV medicine (ASHM), 2008.
• Custer B, et al., Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2004. 38(S3): S158-68.
• Alter MJ, Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and HIV co-infection. J Hepatol, 2006; 44(S1): S6-9.
• World Health Organization. Hepatitis B Fact Sheet, 2006.
• World Health Organization, Department of Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Response. Hepatitis B; 2002. Report No.: WHO/CDS/CSR/LYO/2002.2.
• Beasley RP, et al. Incidence of Hepatitis B virus infections in preschool children in Taiwan. J. Infect. Dis. 1982; 146: 198-204.

Hepatitis B – the Virus (HBV)

• Lai CL and Locarnini S (eds).Hepatitis B virus; 2nd ed. London International Medical Press, 2008.
• Bartholomeusz A and Schaefer S, Hepatitis B virus genotypes: comparison of genotyping methods. Rev Med Virol, 2004; 14(1): 3-16.
• Fung SK and Lok AS. Hepatitis B virus genotypes: do they play a role in the outcome of HBV infection? Hepatology 2004; 40(4): 790-2
• Lee JY and Locarnini S, Hepatitis B virus: pathogenesis, viral intermediates, and viral replication. Clin Liver Dis, 2004; 8(2): 301-20.
• Locarnini S, Molecular virology of hepatitis B virus. Semin Liver Dis, 2004; 24(S1): 3-10.
• Locarnini S, et al., The hepatitis B virus and common mutants. Semin Liver Dis, 2003; 23(1): 5-20.
• Stuyver LJ, et al., Nomenclature for antiviral-resistant human hepatitis B virus mutations in the polymerase region. Hepatology 2001; 33:751-757
• Kao JH, et al., Hepatitis B genotypes correlate with clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterol 2000; 118(3): 554-9
• Lok AS, et al., Mutations in the pre-core region of hepatitis B virus serve to enhance the stability of the secondary structure of the pre-genome encapsidation signal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 4077-81

Vaccine Related

• Devesa M, et al., Clade analysis and surface antigen polymorphism of hepatitis B virus American genotypes. J Med Virol, 2004; 72(3): 377-84
• Torresi J, et al., Reduced antigenicity of the hepatitis B virus HBsAg protein arising as a consequence of sequence changes in the overlapping polymerase gene that are selected by lamivudine therapy. Virology, 2002; 293(2): 305-13
• Ghany MG, et al., Hepatitis B virus S mutants in liver transplant recipients who were reinfected despite hepatitis B immune globulin prophylaxis. Hepatology, 1998; 27(1): 213-22
• Protzer-Knolle U, et al., Hepatitis B virus with antigenically altered hepatitis B surface antigen is selected by high-dose hepatitis B immune globulin after liver transplantation. Hepatology, 1998; 27(1): 254-63
• Carman WF. The clinical significance of surface antigen variants of hepatitis B virus. J Viral Hepat 1997; 4(S1): 11-20
• Carman WF, et al., Vaccine-induced escape mutant of hepatitis B virus. Lancet 1990; 336: 325-9

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Related

• Lai MW and Yeh CT, The oncogenic potential of hepatitis B virus rtA181T/ surface truncation mutant. Antiviral Therapy, 2008; 13(7): 875-9
• Warner N and Locarnini S, The antiviral drug selected hepatitis B virus rtA181T/sW172* mutant has a dominant negative secretion defect and alters the typical profile of viral rebound. Hepatology, 2008. 48(1): 88-98
• Iloeje UH, et al., Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load. Gastroenterology 2006; 130: 678-86
• Yu MW, et al., Prospective study of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis in asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B viru carriers. Am J. Epidemiol 1997; 145(11): 1039-47

Treatment Related

• Patterson SJ, et al., Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate rescue therapy following failure of both lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil in chronic hepatitis B. Gut 2011; 60(2): 247-254
• van Bömmel F, et al., Detection of mutations associated with resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogs in patients with HBV infection during treatment with tenofovir. Hepatology 2008; 48(S1): 715A
• Qi X, et al., In vitro susceptibility of adefovir-associated hepatitis B virus polymerase mutations to other antiviral agents. Antivir Ther 2007; 12(3): 355-362
• Warner N, et al., The L80I Substitution in the Reverse Transcriptase Domain of the Hepatitis B Virus Polymerase Is Associated with Lamivudine Resistance and Enhanced Viral Replication In Vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51(7): 2285-2292
• Colonno RJ, et al., Assessment at three years shows high barrier to resistance is maintained in entecavir-treated nucleoside naive patients while resistance emergence increases over time lamivudine refractory patients. Hepatology 2006; 44(1): 229A
• Delaney WE, et al., Intracellular metabolism and in vitro activity of tenofovir against hepatitis B virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50(7): 2471-2477
• Lee YS, et al., Increased risk of adefovir resistance in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B after 48 weeks of adefovir dipivoxil monotherapy. Hepatology 2006; 43(6): 1385-1391
• Tenney DJ, , et al., Only a subset of HBV substitutions at entecavir resistance residues lead to phenotypic resistance and virologic rebound. Hepatology 2006; 44(S1): 253A
• Brunelle MN, et al., Susceptibility to antivirals of a human HBV strain with mutations conferring resistance to both lamivudine and adefovir. Hepatology 2005; 41(6): 1391-1398
• Hadziyannis SJ, et al., Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2005; 352(26): 2673-2681
• Yang H, et al., Cross-resistance testing of next-generation nucleoside and nucleotide analogues against lamivudine-resistant HBV. Antivir Ther 2005; 10(5): 625-633.
• Levine S, et al., Efficacies of entecavir against lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus replication and recombinant polymerases in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46(8): 2525-2532
• Wai CT,  et al., HBV genotype B is associated with better response to interferon therapy in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis than genotype C. Hepatology 2002; 36(6): 1425-30
• Kao JH, et al., Hepatitis B genotypes and the response to interferon therapy.
  J Hepatol 2000; 33(6): 998-1002
• Yeh CT, et al., Clearance of the original hepatitis B virus YMDD-motif mutants with emergence of distinct lamivudine-resistant mutants during prolonged lamivudine therapy. Hepatology 2000; 31(6): 1318-1326
• Allen MI, et al., Identification and characterization of mutations in hepatitis B virus resistant to lamivudine. Lamivudine Clinical Investigation Group. Hepatology 1998; 27(6): 1670-1677
• Bartholomew MM, et al., Hepatitis-B-virus resistance to lamivudine given for recurrent infection after orthotopic liver transplantation. Lancet 1997; 349(9044): 20-22

SeqHepB References

• Yuen LK, et al. SEQHEPB: A sequence analysis program and relational database system for chronic hepatitis B. Antiviral Res 2007; 75(1): 64-74
• Wong VWS, et al., Antiviral Drug Resistance Testing in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B. Dig Dis Sci. 2011; DOI 10.1007/s10620-011-1816-6